[124:1] Cf. Matt. 11:15; Luke 8:8.

[124:2] Cf. Luke 6:38.

[124:3] Cf. Matt. 25:29; Luke 8:18; 19:26.

[125:1] Cf. Luke 18:25.

[125:2] For further instances compare -
     Luke 14:11 with Matt. 23:12 and Luke 18:14.
     Luke 17:37 with Matt. 24:28.
     Luke 6:41 with Matt. 7:3.
     Mark 6:4 with Matt. 13:57.
     Mark 8:34 with Luke 9:23.
     Matt. 18:11 with Luke 19:10.
     Matt. 24:37 with Luke 13:34.
     Matt. 24:34-36 with Mark 13:30-32 and Luke 21:32-33.

[127:1] Cf. Matt. 7:7-8 with Luke 11:9-10; Matt. 11:25 with Luke 10:21.

Part 2, Chapter 1 (pp. 128-157)

[128:1] Dionysius, Cor. in Euseb., H. E., 4:23; Irenaeus, Adv. Haer., 3:3; Clemens Al., Stromata, 4:17, § 107, 1:7, § 38, 5:12, § 81, 6: 8, § 65; Origen, De Princip., 2:3, 6; in Ezech. 8; Epiphanius, Haer., 27:6. Cf. Cyril, Hieros., Catech., 18: 8.

[128:2] Eusebius, H.E., 3:15-16; Hieron., de Vir. Ill., 15; Photius, Bibl.Cod. 113.

[129:1] Strom. 4:17, § 107.

[129:2] Eusebius, H. E., 6:25.

[129:3] Quaest. Amphil., Gallandi, Bibl.Patr., 1765, xiii., p. 722.

[129:4] Irenaeus, Adv. Haer., 4:3; Clemens Al., Strom., 1. c.

[129:5] Dion., Cor. in Euseb. H. E., 4:23, 3:16; Epiphanius, Haer., 30:15; Hieron., de Vir. Ill., 15.

[129:6] Can. 76 (85).

[129:7] Zur Gesch. des Kanons, 1847, p. 97 ff.

[129:8] Credner, ib., p. 122

[129:9] H. E., 3:16, 4:22.

[129:10] Euseb., H. E., 4:23.

[129:11] Adv. Haer., 3:3, § 53; Euseb., H. E., 5:6.

[129:12] H. E., 3:15, cf. 4.

[129:13] H. E., 3:15, 34.

[129:14] Ch. 1.

[130:1] Antiq., 3:6, 12; Contra Apion., 1:7, 2:23.

[130:2] He refers in a note particularly to Hefele, Patr. Ap., 1855, p. 33 ff.

[130:3] "Erstes und zweites Viertel des 2 Jahrh. Clemens v. Rom. Ignatius und Polycarp." Wann wurden uns. Evangelien verfasst? 4th Aufl., 1866, p. 20, cf. Uebersicht des Inhalts.

[130:4] Nov. Test. Graece, Lips. Sumpt. Ad. Winter, Ed. septima Crit. min. Proleg., p. 129.

[130:5] Cf. Lipsius, Chronlogie der röm. Bischöfe, 1869.

[131:1] Hitzig, Zur Kritik d. apokr. Bücher d. A. T., Zeitschr. f. wiss. Theol., 1860, p. 240 ff.; Volkmar, Theol.Jahrb., 1856, p. 362 ff., 1857, p. 441 ff. H'buch. Einl. in d. Apokr., 1860, i.p. 268; Baur, Lehrb. chr. Dogmengeschichte, 1858, p. 82 anm.;Groetz, Gesch. d. Juden vom Unterg. d. jüd. Staates u.s.w., 1866, p. 132 ff.

[131:2] "Aber nirgends auf die Evangelien." Wann wurden u.s.w., p. 20 f.

[132:1] We use this word not as the best equivalent of apoluete, but merely to indicate to readers unacquainted with Greek the use of a different word from the aphête of the first Gospel, and from the aphiete of the Epistle; and this system we shall adopt as much as possible throughout.

[132:2] Cf. Mark 4:24. Cf. Hom. Clem. 18:16.

[133:1] Tautê tê entolê kai tois parangelmasi toutois stêrixomen eautous eis to poreuesthai hupêkóous ontas tois hagioprepesi logois autou, papeinophronountes. C. 13.

[134:1] Apol., 1:15, and again twice in Dial. 96.

[134:2] C. 14.

[135:1] The Cod. Sin. and Cod. D. (Bezae), insert plên before ouai.

[135:2] Cod. Sin. and D. read lithos mulikos instead of mulos.

[135:3] The Vatican (B.) and Sinaitic, as well as most of the other Codices, put hena at the end of the phrase,

[135:4] Cf. Matt. 18:1-8; Mark 9:33-43; Luke 9:46-48, 49-50, 17:1-3.

[136:1] Wann wurden u.s.w., p. 21, anm. Cf. Lightfoot, Apost. Fathers, ii. Clement of Rome, 1890, p. 141.

[136:2] Genaptai gar, "Kollasthe tois agiois, hoti oi kollômenoi autois hagiasthêsontai." c.46, cf. c.30. A similar expression occurs in Clement of Alexandria. Strom. 5:8, 53.

[136:3] Kai oi apostoloi hêmôn egnôsan dia tou kuriou hêmôn Iêsou Christou, hoti epis estai epi tou onomatos tos episkopês. C.44, cf. 45, 46.

[136:4] Esontai schismata kai aireseis.  Dial. C. Tryph. 35, cf. 51.

[136:5] Esontai gar, hôs o kurios eipen, pseudapostoloi, pseudeis prophêtai, aireseis, phiarchiai.  Clem. Hom. 16:21; Cf. Constit. Apost., 6:13; Clem. Recog., 4:34.

[136:6] Apo toutôn pseudochristoi pseudoprophêtai, pseudapostoloi, oitines emerisan tên henôsin tês ekklêsias, k.t.l. Eusebius, H.E., 4:22

[137:1] See other instances in chapters 17, 23, 26, 27, 30, 42, 47, etc.

[137:2] 2 Esdras of the English authorised Apocrypha.

[137:3] Kai mnêsthêsomai hêmeras anathês, kai anastêsô humas ek tôn thêkôn humôn. c.50..

[137:4] Acts 4:36; 11:22 f., 30;12:25, etc.

[137:5] Stromata 2:6, § 31, 7, § 35, 20, § 116; 5:10, § 64, cf. 15, § 67, 18, § 84; 5 § 52.

[137:6] H.E. 6:14, cf. 13.

[137:7] Gegraptai dê en tê Barnaba katholikê epistolê, k.t.l. Contra Cels., 1:63, cf. De Princip., 3:2, § 4.

[138:1] De Pudic., § 20; Hieron.,De vir. ill. 5. Many modern writers have supported the tradition. Cf. Credner, Gesch. N. T. Kanon, p. 175 ff.; Thiersch, Die Kirche im ap. Zeit., p. 199 ff.; Ullmann, Theol. Stud. u. Krit., 1828, p. 377 ff.; Wieseler, Unters. üb. d. Hebräerbrief, 1861, i., p. 32 ff.

[138:2] Decretum de libris recipiendis et non recipiendis, in Credner, Zur Gesch. des Kanons, 1847, p. 215. Cf. Fabricius, Cod. Apocr. N. T., i., p. 341; Grabe, Spicil. Patr., i., p. 303.

[138:3] H. E., 3:25.

[138:4] H. E., 6:14, cf. 13.

[138:5] Hieron, De vir. ill. 6, Comment. in Ezech., 43:19.

[139:1] Ch. 4.

[139:2] Tischendorf, Wann wurden, u.s.w., p. 92 ff.

[139:3] Enoch 89:61 f., 90:17. This book is again quoted in ch. 16.

[139:4] Cf. 4 Ezra 4:33, 5:5.

[141:1] Origen, Tract., 35; § 17 Matt.; Hieron. ad Isaiae, 44, Epist. 101; cf. Fabricius, Cod. Apocr., N.T., i., p. 342.

[141:2] In the Cod. Sinaiticus a later hand has here inserted "Isaiah."

[141:3] Selecta Patr., p. 5.

[141:4] Cf. Volkmar, H buch Einl. Apocr. ii., p. 105.

[141:5] We might also point to the verse 10:97, "For thou art blessed above many, and art called near to the Most High, and so are but few." "Tu enim beatus es prae multis, et vocatus es apud Altissimum, sicut et pauci."

[142:1] Matt. 20:1-16.

[142:2] This is not the place to criticise the expectation of finding a wedding garment on a guest hurried in from highways and byways, or the punishment inflicted for such an offence, as questions affecting the character of the parable.

[143:1] An illustration of such proverbial sayings is found in the Phaedo of Plato: eisi gar dê, phasin oi peri tas teletas, narthêkophoroi men polloi, bakchoi de te pauroi; ed Steph., i., p. 69, "For many, as they say in the Mysteries, are the thyrsus-bearers, but few are the mystics." Cf. Jowett, Plato, i., p. 441, p. 381.

[143:2] Zur Kr. des Barnabasbr., p. 34 f. [In the fourth edition of his work on the Canon, Dr. Westcott very fairly states in a note: "On the other hand, it is just to add that the proverbial form of the saying ('Many are called, but few chosen') is such as to admit of the supposition that it may have been derived by Barnabas from some older book than St. Matthew,"p. 51, note 2.]

[143:3] Die drei ersten Evv., 1850.

[143:4] Jahrb. bibl. Wiss., ii., 1849, p. 191 ff.

[143:5] Professor A. D. Loman, who impartially and ably discusses this quotation, is unable to admit that the passage is taken from our first Synoptic; and he conjectures that the common source from which both the Synoptist and the author of the Epistle may have derived the saying may be a work which he supposes to be referred to in Luke 11:49, Theol. Tijdschrift, 1872, p. 196 f.; cf. 1867, p. 553, p. 559.

[143:6] Palin soi epideizo, tôs pros hêmas legei kurios, deuteran plasin er' eschatôn epoiêsen. Legei kurios Idou, poiô ta eschata hôs ta prota. C. 6.

[144:1] Dr. Westcott does not make any reference to it either. {In the 4th ed. of his work on the Canon (p. 62) he expresses an opinion that it is a reference "to some passage of the O.T.," and suggests Ezek. 36:11.}

[144:2] Ch. 19.

[145:1] The phrase, "Give to everyone that asketh of thee," occurs also in the "Teaching of the Twelve Apostles," i., §5, with which little treatise, published since the Complete Edition of this work was issued, several other passages in the Epistle agree -- cf. p. 149 ff.

[145:2] Hote de tous idious apostolous tous mellontas kêrussein to euangelion autou ezelezato, ontas huper pasan amartian anomôterous, hina deizê, hoti ouk êlthen kalesai dikaious, alla amartôlous, tote ephanerôsen eauton einai uion Theou. C. 5.

[145:3] Wann wurden, u. s. w., p. 96, anm. 1.

[145:4] Ib., p. 96.

[145:5] Contra Cels., 1:63.

[146:1] c. 5.

[146:2] Contra Cels., 1:63.

[146:3] Die drei ersten Evv., p. 15, p. 1.

[147:1] Wann wurden, u.s.w., p. 96.

[148:1] Cf. Gfrörer, Das Jahrh. des Heils, ii., p. 219 ff., 258 ff., 292 ff.

[148:2] Die Proph. Ezra u. Daniel, p. 70.

[148:3] Irenaeus, Adv. Haer., 4:20, § 2; Clemens Al., Strom., 1:29, § 181; 2:1, § 3; 6:15, 131; Tertullian, De Orat., 12. He rejected it later. De Pudic., 10; Origen, Comm.in Rom., lib. 10:31, Hom. 8 in Num., Hom. 1 in Psalm 37, De Princip., 2:1, § 3; 3:2, § 4; cf. Eusebius, H. E. 3:3, 5:8, 3:25; Cotelier, Patr.Ap., 1:68 f.

[148:4] Puto autem quod Hermas iste sit scriptor libelli illius qui Pastor appelatur, que scriptura valde mihi utilis videtur, et ut puto divinitus inspirata. In Rom. lib. 10:31.

[148:5] Routh, Reliq. Sacrae, i., p. 396; Tregelles, Canon Murat., p. 20.

[149:1] Wann wurden u.s.w., p. 182; Westcott, On the Canon, p. 175; Reuss, Hist. du Canon, p. 48 f.

[149:2] Vis. 2:3; cf. Numbers 11:26 f., Sept. Vers.

[149:3] The Complete Edition of this work had been published some years earlier, so that we now deal with the Didache for the first time.

[149:4] Charles Bigg, D.D., The Doctrine of the Twelve Apostles, 1898, p. 21.

[149:5] Hist. Eccl., 3:25.

[149:6] Ep. Fest. 39.

[149:7] Comm. in Symb. Apost., § 38.

[150:1] Lightfoot, The Apost. Fathers, 1898, p. 215.

[150:2] Harnack, Die Apostellehre, 1886, p. 35, ed. of 1896, p. 41 f.

[151:1] Dr. Taylor gives interesting illustrations of this by comparison with the Talmud and Talmudic writings (The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, 1886). Mr. Rendel Harris even says: "The teaching is Hebraistic from cover to cover" (The Teaching of the Apostles, 1887, p. 78).

[151:2] Apost.p. 215. The idea of the "Two Ways" is found in classical works as early as Hesiod (Op. et Dies, 285). It is used in "The Choice of Hercules," which is usually ascribed to Prodicus the Sophist (Zenophont., Mem., 2:1-21).

[151:3] Harnack, Chron. altchristl. Lit., 1897, i., p. 428.

[152:1] Gesch. d. Kirchenrechts, 1843. It bears the title Ai diatagai ai dia Klêmentos kai kanones ekklêsiastikoi tôn hagiôn apostolôn. Cardinal Pitra found the same tract in a MS. in the Ottobonian library bearing the title Epitomê horôn tôn agiôn apostolôn katholikês paradoseos. It is also given by Hilgenfeld in his N. T. extra Can. Recept., 1884, Fasc. iv. Codices in Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic have since been discovered.

[152:2] Lactantius, Epit. div. Instil., c. 59, for instance, and in writings of pseudo-Athanasius, but still more markedly in the Epistle of Barnabas, the writer of which could have no reason for omitting them if they had stood in the original treatise of which he made use.

[153:1] Middle of the first century -- Sabatier, La Didache, 1885, p. 159.

Second half first century -- Bestmann, Gesch. christl. Sitte, 1885, ii., p. 136 ff.; Jacquier, La Doctrine d. douze Ap., 1891, p. 97; Majocchi, La Dottrina dei dod. Ap., 1886, p. 71; Petersen, Lehre d. zwölf Ap., 1884, p. 12; H. de Romestin, Teaching of Twelve Aps., 1884, p. 6, 1885 Pref. 2nd ed.; Spence, Teaching of the Aps., 1885, p. 98; Wünsche, Lehre d. zw. Ap., 1884, p. 6.

End first century or beginning of second -- Binnie, Br. and Foreign Ev. Rev., Oct., 1885, p. 640 ff.; Farrar,Contemp. Rev., 1884, p. 698 ff.; Expositor, 1884, p. 380 ff.; Funk, Theol. Quartalschrift, 1884, p. 401; Doctrina duodecim Apost., 1887, p. 32; Heron, Church of Sub-ap. Age, 1888, p. 83; Hitchcock and Brown, Teaching of Twelve Aps., 1885, p. 90. f.; Lightfoot, Apost. Fathers, 1898, p. 216; Expositor, 1885, p. 6; Lechler, Urkundenfunde Gesch. christl. Altertums, 1886, p. 75; Massebieau, L'Enseignevient des douze Ap., 1884, p. 35; E. von Renesse, Die Lehre zwolf Ap., 1897, p. 85; Schaff, Oldest Church Manual, 1885, p. 119 ff.; Taylor,Teaching Twelve Aps., 1886, p. 118; Venables, Brit. Quarterly Rev., 1885, p. 333 ff.; Warfield, Bibl. Sacra, 1886, p. 100 ff.; Wordsworth, Guardian, Mar. 19th, 1884; Zahn, Theol. Literaturblatt, June 27th, July 11th, 1884; Forsch. Gesch. N. T. Kanons, 1884, iii., p. 318 f.

First half second century -- Baltzer, Wiedergef Zwölfapostellehre, 1886, p. 13. A.D. 110-130, Robinson, Encyclop. Bibl., 1899, i., p. 676. A. D. 120 too early, A. D. 160, too late for parts, Gordon, Modern Rev., 1884, p. 457. A. D. 133-135, Volkmar, Die Lehre d. z. Ap., 1885, p. 44.

Later than A.D. 130-40 -- Van Manen, Encyclop. Bibl., iii., 1902, p. 3,484. A.D. 131-160, Harnack, Chronol. altchristl. Lit., 1897, i., p. 438; Die Apostellehre, 1896, p. 20 f.; Bryennius, Didachê tôn dôdeka Apostolôn, 1883, p. 20. After middle of second century, Hilgenfeld, Zeitschr. wiss. Theol., 1885, p. 100. A.D. 140-165, Lipsius, Lit. Centralblatt, Jan., 1885, cf. Deutsche Lileraturzeit., 1884, p. 1,149 ff. Before A.D. 140 - Addis, Dublin Rev., Oct., 1884, p. 442 ff. A.D. 140-165, Meyboom, Theol. Tijdschr., 1885, p. 628 ff. A.D. 160-190, Bonel-Maury, La Doctrine des douze Ap. , 1884, p. 34 ff. A.D. 200, Krawutzcky, Theol. Quartalschr., 1884, p. 585 ff.

Fourth century -- Bigg, Doctrine of Twelve Ap., 1898, p. 23; Cotteril, Scottish Church Rev. 1884, July and Sept.; Hoole, The Didache, 1894, p. 45 f.; Long, Baptist Quarterly, 1884, July and September.

[154:1] Harnack, Die Apostellehre, 1896, p. 8 ff.

[155:1] We do not mention the substitution of elthetô for elthatô and aphiemen for aphêkamen, for this is supported by some of our oldest texts.

[156:1] Alla kai peri toutou de eirêtai hidrôtatô ê eleêmosunê sou eis tas cheiras sou mechris an gnôs tini dôs.